On Tuesday 14 October, the European Commission imposed fines totalling €157 million on three companies in the high-end fashion sector - €119.7 million on Italy’s Gucci, €19.7 million on France’s Chloé and €18 million on Spain’s Loewe - for imposing resale prices on independent third-party retailers, both online and offline, for clothing, footwear and various accessories distributed under their respective brands.
Violating EU competition rules throughout the European...