On Wednesday 29 April, the European Commission announced that it was referring Greece, Malta and Portugal to the Court of Justice of the European Union for failing to transpose recent EU rules to promote renewable energy, introduced by Directive 2023/2413, which amends a 2018 directive on the promotion of energy from renewable sources.
Greece, Malta and Portugal were required to transpose most of the new provisions of the Directive by 21 May 2025 at the latest, promoting the development of renewable energy in all sectors (electricity, heating and cooling, transport, buildings and industry).
The Commission sent a letter of formal notice to the three Member States in July 2025, for not having notified any transposition measures. In December of the same year, after assessing their replies, the Commission sent a reasoned opinion to Greece and Portugal for not having notified any transposition measures, and to Malta for not having notified a correlation table or explanatory document specifying where each provision of the Directive has been transposed. These opinions have had no effect to date. (Original version in French by Camille-Cerise Gessant)