On Wednesday 29 April, the European Commission brought an action before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) against Bulgaria, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden for failing to transpose Directive 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities.
This text, deemed “essential to reach (the) important common objective” of protecting essential services, requires EU Member States to identify key players in strategic sectors such as energy, transport and health in order to ensure their continuity in the face of “natural and man-made risks”, ranging from terrorism to cyber attacks, against a backdrop of growing hybrid threats (see EUROPE 13858/12).
Member States were supposed to incorporate these rules into national law by 17 October 2024. However, despite the sending of reasoned opinions in July 2025, the seven countries in question have still not notified their transposition measures. As a result, the European Commission is asking the Court to “impose financial sanctions” against them. (Original version in French by Justine Manaud)