On Friday 10 January, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel largely ruled in favour of the EU in its dispute with Indonesia over the implications of the ‘RED II’ Directive on Indonesian palm oil exports. This ruling is not surprising: the WTO had already taken this position, in March 2024, in an almost identical dispute between the EU and Malaysia (see EUROPE B13365A16).
Both Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur have filed suits with the WTO against the EU, arguing that the ‘RED II’...