After a week of uncertainty, the European Commission has finally flexed its muscles: on Friday 5 September, it announced a fine of €2.95 billion against Google for breaching European competition rules in the field of online advertising.
The company had been the subject of a European investigation since 2023, when the Commission suspected Google of abusing its dominant position in the field of online advertising (‘Adtech’) by favouring its own ad services to the detriment of those of...