On Friday 1 March, the European Commission received notifications from Booking.com, X (formerly Twitter) and ByteDance (parent company of TikTok) under the Digital Markets Act (DMA) (see EUROPE B13243A11).
All three have met or exceeded the thresholds that characterise gatekeepers: turnover and number of end users and business users, as well as dominant market position.
The DMA defines gatekeepers as the major online platforms that act as an important bridge between business users and...