On Friday 20 March, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) published its final report on the unprecedented blackout that hit the Iberian Peninsula on 28 April 2025.
The investigation concluded that the incident was due to a “combination” of many technical factors. It acknowledges oscillations, gaps in voltage and reactive power control, differences in voltage regulation practices, rapid output reductions and generator disconnections in Spain,...