In the third quarter of 2023, the seasonally adjusted general government deficit to GDP ratio averaged 2.8% in both the euro area and the European Union, compared with 3.0% in the second quarter for both the euro area and the EU, according to data published by the EU’s statistical office (Eurostat).
Of the 24 countries for which data is available, seven recorded a budget surplus. The largest surpluses were seen in Denmark (+2.7% of GDP), Portugal (+2.5%) and Croatia (+2.2%). The most acute...