The Advocate General Anthony Michael Collins, responding to two Polish regional courts, has found that the requirement of prior establishment by law applies without distinction to all Member State courts and tribunals, in his opinion to the Court of Justice of the EU on Thursday 15 December in joined cases C-181/21 and C-269/21 concerning the appointment of judges to ordinary courts in Poland.
The European Court had been consulted by the regional courts in Krakow and Katowice, which had...