On Wednesday 22 December, the European Commission opened an infringement proceeding against Poland because of the violation of European law “by its Constitutional Tribunal”. This proceeding is a response to the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s judgment of 7 October, which questioned the primacy of EU law and compliance with the decisions of the EU Court of Justice (see EUROPE B12808A1), but also to a judgment of the same tribunal in July, which challenged a decision of the Court of...