The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) imposed a total fine of €5,132,500 on three credit rating agencies belonging to the Fitch Group on Thursday, 28 March for breaching European rules aimed at avoiding conflicts of interest.
Between June 2013 and April 2018, 20% of the British, Spanish and French subsidiaries of the Fitch group were indirectly owned by one individual shareholder - who ESMA did not name - and who was also sitting on boards of three entities being rated by...