The joint declaration of the G7 Heads of State or Government, a one-page document adopted at the end of the Biarritz Summit on Monday 26 August, is an innovation: it was written directly by the leaders, without going through a lengthy technical preparation process before the summit.
The French President, Emmanuel Macron, who assumes the annual chair of the informal group, wanted to avoid a repeat of the diplomatic incident at the Charlevoix summit in 2018, when the American President,...