On Thursday 2 December the European Commission ended its investigation into a cartel in the spot foreign exchange (‘Forex’) market by fining five banks.
The Commission imposed a total fine of €261 million on the four banks that opted for the settlement route (UBS, Barclays, RBS and HSBC). Credit Suisse was fined €83 million (ordinary procedure).
Commission Vice-President Margrethe Vestager, responsible for Competition Policy, said: “Foreign exchange spot trading activities are one...